Jeffrey D. Medwin

MODERATORS : NONE of what I say should be considered INVESTMENT ADVICE for others. I have been asked what I NOW think, and I will freely express myself. For the record, particularly for Carl and others to know, I did NOT know, nor did I care, what was going to cause the market to crash. It simply doesn't matter to me. Only so that you, the general public would " have a reason " to see what the MARKET was telling me , ( so for YOUR benefit, or to give you all an understandable reason ), I thought it was going to be Trump and Pence resigning, and Ms. Pelosi as our new POTUSA. I was wrong !! OK. Wanted to get you thinking. Why? Because I appeared from no where, and you didn't know me. Nor was ANYONE in early 2020 psychologically prepared very well, for what I had to say. I knew I would be scorned. Ridiculed. I was wrong about "the reason" I gave you, but I wanted you all to CONSIDER, how those possible top-resignations could effect your stocks in Q1 / Q2 on, .....2020, on. When you are in the market 50+ years, and do technical studies, you never care or consider much about a fundamental reason, but rather, what does the market itself, from its technical signals - tell you, about what may happen.. I just believed something drastic would happen, to "upset the apple cart". The February 2020 public's mindset unanimously was : " I am waiting till Trump gets re-elected to take profits.........why, 2019 was just too profitable ". ( AKA ...greed ). There is a great old stock market saying I just love " If it is obvious to the PUBLIC, it is obviously WRONG ". It does not matter ( to me ) the " reason " humans give, or ascribe to the market events, what really matters is what the market tells you technically, and how it moves. You need not know each and every day, but you hopefully know at certain key times, such as when I specifically posted here !!. I will again post the Stock Market Cheat Sheet Chart, and you will all again see, from a human psychological point of view, precisely where I think we are TODAY, and what will be the outcome. I will tell you what I think, what lies ahead, technically. I may also show you the FIRST stock purchase I EVER made in my life, after I was a stockbroker for 18 months in 1970 !! From the above chart ( happens to be 1929 ) I feel we are in the mental " Complacency " part of the cycle. LOL, one good day up and you guys are respectfully asking me questions. As in 1929, it is possible that this 2020 snap-back Bear Market rally could last several months, as the market goes from technically oversold, to perhaps, I hope, overbought. Mind you all, we have a GAP in all the current 2020 charts, ( that first Monday down ), and, like 1929, it may not get filled in my lifetime. ( It took 21 years after 1929 top to get that top's gap filled, to get even, if the MEN didn't commit suicide. Why, I'd be 96 !! ) 1929 was the ONLY other bear market instance, that started - off with a unfilled Gap Down BTW !! Let me show you another chart , of the S and P 500 , daily bar chart : Notice above, on the zero to 100 scale RSI chart , at the top of the chart, it traded mainly above 50 for the first 2/3rds of the chart - thats bullish, above 50 RSI. Today, the daily RSI closed 49.89, below 50. If RSI were to remain below 50, that would be bearish on a daily chart basis. Notice how I have designated " DEATH CROSS" . Look that up, and learn what that means !! Next. lets look at the S and P 500 on an intermediate term, weekly bar chart : Here on this weekly bar chart, we can see the Q.4 2019 drop, when the RSI ( Relative Strength Index ) went below 50. Generally speaking, when its above 50, it is a bullish market, and when it is below 50, it is a bearish market. Usually, at the extremes ( considered above 70 and below 30 ) some use RSI as a market timing tool ( above 70, sell, below 30 buy, on a weekly basis). Generally, usually....but not always !! I personally like to use RSI a lot - when the Daily and Weekly figures - BOTH confirm each other. Being pro-active. In the heavy green circle, on the right hand side of the chart, we have the last four months : Notice how, in Dec.2019 and January 2020, we were above 70 ? I personally did my last buying of TVIX on January 10, 2020. ( I have none now ). Notice how we had the fastest drop ever in history, last month, and we got to below 30. Notice, even with today's huge rally, and people becoming "complacent" on the Psychological chart, the RSI on a WEEKLY basis is still below 50 !!! ( 40.05 = RSI today ) That is not yet bullish. The daily and weekly RSI have to simultaneously get and stay above 50, in step with each other, for this market to possibly become bullish. So, I would consider " the TREND is your friend "., and since we are below 50 on both RSIs, and MOST of all, ...............since we have NOT had any real capitulation ( puking out of stocks ), I would personally consider the Bear Market to be in full effect, and, that this is just the first rally in a Bear Market. I would guess, this market could take two years, or more, to bottom out. Since 1929 was a 84 % wipe out of stock prices, I would expect 2020-on, to have the good possibility to be a 95% decline in stock prices. Why, we started this 2020 Bear Market after an eleven year Bull Market - that exceeded 1929's over-valuations by about 50 %. Again, to remind you all, I will outline what I think the possible future capitulation might look like : (1) There will be LOTS of forced Margin Account selling, (2) The public will be deathly afraid to purchase stocks, like its catching a falling knife (3) The "popular" stocks, on a one or two day basis, will get creamed. " When they raid the "House-of-Ill-Repute" , they take the piano player also. " . (3a) This means that MSFT may trade between $20 and $50 a share, interday. AAPL ( which has not yet been hurt, and MSFT hasn't ) may fill its gap interday at $ 62 to $66 a share, if it doesn't hold at $150, a share. WMT, easily at $60 or below. (4) Tapes will be late on the downside, Hard to get quotes. Markets may have erratic trading during the selling climax. (5) Fantastic, record volume of shares traded Mind you, IF it occurs as I believe it can, and as it usually does, this will be THE sterling opportunity to buy stocks, FOR ME. To fully address the idea of Jeff being " a squirrel finding a nut ", please read this : Next, I would like to show you my ACCOUNT SHEET from when I was a 25 year old stockbroker, with only 18 months experience being registered officially. Previously, I wrote that my Brokerage Graduation Class in NYC got registered, and sent to work, right at the TOP, and the start of a 18 month market decline, on January 2, 1969. I also described how in the last month of the decline, I witnessed a 30 year old new broker, and his 18 year old side kick, " tear 'em up" in an office of 60 brokers. The other brokers were loosing client's monies daily, and these two guys were having a ball, shorting the market. Finally , about two weeks before the bottom, 25 year old Jeff ( me ) walked up to 30 year old Larry, the broker, after trading closed, and asked " can you teach me what you are doing. I was never taught this in Stock-Brokers Training in NYC ". That was the start of a life long friendship, between us three guys. About a week before the bottom, as stock prices were plummeting, and only Larry ( in an office of 60 stockbrokers ) was doing big business, these two guys SWITCHED from shorting to BUYING for clients. Larry told me to get whatever money I had, and buy ( an odd lot of UCX ) University Computing I did, and guess what, three neat facts. 1) this was the first stock account and stock purchase I had ever made for myself, on 5-25-1970 2) The market bottomed, from an 18 month decline, only TWO days later and 3) like a young fool, I held it for only a few trading days !!! My handwriting , below , my Account Sheet : Below, a chart of the 1969-1970 BEAR Market : I am mentally prepared to think that the Bear Market we have in 2020 will be a SUPER CYCLE Bear Market, as was the past 11 year Bull Market a Super Cycle event. Are you prepared for that possibility, or are you "complacent"? ?? See below, precisely where we are . The trend is your friend. Best wishes .

Are those speakers in the background your existing main speakers? They appear to be RCA Ubangies . Is that what you normally use? If so, what are your thoughts about you using/owning them versus other choices ? JM

Hello Maynard, According to the Original Poster, he wrote his amp is specified to be able to use a " 5UG4 "........... and,.. he really meant to say ....a" 5U4G " . The thread's suggested $15.40 5U4GB by Electro Harmonix, and any usual 5U4G are each directly heated dual plate rectifier tubes. They use a beefy 3 Ampere filament. Since the Manufacturer actually specifies a 5U4G , there should be minor concern with the good advice you posted above, as far as using a rectifier with a cathode, VS. a directly-heated 5U4G or 5U4GB. Tube socket pin-outs are exactly the same. Correct me please, if I am in error. Jeff

Lead length becomes a problem, IF, all else on the board is placed two dimensionally. I won't use PC boards in my builds, wire is usually better performing, real wire. In some circuits, applications, however, a board could be the best solution. My early-model Slagle Autoformer Attenuators, in stock form, were not fully satisfactory "to me" - with that early stock PC board and budget - based switches, until.... I did some nice PC board wire augmentations. Used m22759/11 20 AWG soldered over a few key existing traces. For my next build, my personal-use phono / line preamp, I will hard-wire each channel's Slagle Autoformer, which has 12 taps, point-to-point, to a Grayhill silver-contact 12 position ( shorting, MBB) rotary switch, using only silver-content hookup wire. That, should be good, and likely satisfy my present and future needs and expectations. These two channels of Slagle Attenuators will fit INSIDE the new DIY preamp chassis. A DIY preamp with Attenuators inside it - only requires using one interconnect, to the amp's input RCA jacks. Mr. Dave Slagle was very nice to me, in assisting with hook up information. His recent offerings feature new product advancements, compared to these early versions I have, ( which were recently given to me as a gift) . Cool dude... is Dave. Smart . Jeff

Mark Z just measured the stock Dyna MK3 plate reisitors he removed. Schematic calls for 270K. One was 272.5 K Ohms ( less than 1% ) Other was 279.0 K Ohms ( 3.3% ) New ones, just installed, are 280K . + 3.7 %

Decent questions !! He could measure the ones he took out, I'll ask him to if he didn't discard them, but that is NOT the thing that is going on here at all thebes !! The stock spec is 270K, and the two 560K in parallel is 280K. That is a 3.7% higher difference . Not any problem. I assume Dyna resistors are meant to be 5% or better, LOL, maybe even 10%. No thebes, we are talking about the quality of the resistor, and how it impacts your own final aural experience, and how to optimize a tube amp on an aural-listening basis. Who cares if it measures the exact 270K, and is a cheap carbon comp., and it sounds crummy ?? This factor you bring up is very minor, compared to resistor quality. I'd guess "four to one" in importance, in favor of resistor quality. Yes, Mark Z applied considerable thought and made several attempts to fit the large Rs into the small space. We know now, he should have installed them on the bottom of his exposed P.C. board, to maximize safety. A resistor will operate in any orientation. A horizontal resistor will allow for better cooling, but cooling is hardly a factor, when using two 2 Watt Rs, in place of a 1 Watt stock R !! Hey, please look at the photo of my KT88 2019 amp ( in a post above ). I position things THREE dimensionally in that DIY build, and all eight of those high quality 2 Watters in the photo..... are vertical. Most people routinely think and build amps in two dimensions, and AFAICT, there no real reason to do that !! Three dimensional layout is preferable to me. Jeff

Hello All, Mike Stehr brought up a VERY good point, the SAFETY issue of me showing Mark Z's resistor install, and inadvertently, me suggesting others to do-so like Mark Z. on this, a Public Forum. Until Mike pointed it out, the thought of lessened-safety from shocks, was something myself, and others, did not properly consider . I apologize for not thinking enough of that facet of the work I pictured, done by Mark Z. His work was only done in the past several days, and often, one has to think, or rethink about a modification's execution, before they discover an optimal way to execute it. That certainly was the case here. Frankly, I was just "taken" by the fact that Mark had squeezed the two resistors in, and that he was so pleasantly surprised and pleased with the resultant sound. Mike Stehr is 100% correct. And so are the Moderators. And I now see why the Moderators have been witholding my posting on this issue. That is very proper. My own resistors, and most other amplifier's resistors, are usually located below and inside the chassis. Not so, with the DYNA Mk3 and the DYNA Stereo 70 , both which I pictured above. So - to not ruin the continuity and important intended message of this thread, ( the sonic benefits of paralleled 2 Watt resistors, as an Ra and Rk ) lets leave Mark Z's picture intact, of his initial Dyna MK3 Ra modification. Let us consider that Mark 3 DYNA photo as a "shining example", of how NOT to do such a mod, on a SAFETY basis ! I would suggest, if someone is modding any amplifier whose resistors are exposed to touch, that all such added resistors be installed on the bottom of the board, below deck, and ......thought should be applied as to keeping the lead lengths as short as possible. Mark Z, if you are reading this, carefully consider unsoldering those Plate Resistors, and simply installing them below the board. The correct execution for a DYNACO -type amps with exposed resistors, is the other picture I posted of MechEngVic's double 2 Watt ST70 install. Dyna amplifier owners who elect to mod the Ra, should ONLY implement the photo of Vic's install. I do not think Vic fully-considered safety, but indeed, his execution turned out to be is as good as it needs to be !!. Now, allow me to address the tight matching of resistors in parallel. The range of matching resistors I suggested was 0.1% to 0.01%. 0.1% matching is within the range of many of the better DMMs people might own. The main reason why I even mentioned 0.01% Maynard, was to impress upon readers, that it is better to have the " sameness" of the two resistors serving this one function, to be as close in Ohmic value to each other as possible. The reason for matching two resistors closely is because a skewing of the sound occurs when they are un-matched, ( assuming any decent SE amp ) . How? Because the signal is being developed across the Ra or Rk,....................... by two dis similar resistances. One continually is out-of-synch with the other. Perfect matching, is ideal. When applying Ra and Rk modifications, particularly with higher mu ( gain of 50 to 80 times ) input tubes, whatever is done to the input stage is of importance. And .....it becomes audible. So, it is a very good procedure to match Ra and Rks in parallel, as best as one can. There is one other, little known, never discussed example of skewing in SE design. This occurs when implementing B+ filters to the Output tube. This happens when L1 is not the same as L2 ( in a L1/C1/L2/C2 B+ filter ). When the two Ls ( power supply chokes ) differ, there is an odd-sounding / sonic skewing degrade, one hears !! This undesirable sonic effect is easily avoided, by simply making L1 the same as L2, in any such filter. I wouldn't worry too much about resistor matching differences between 0.1% and 0.01%. Lets not "lose the forest for the trees." The main point is, improving the Ra and Rk as clearly outlined, produces a sonic gain in virtually any tube amp circuit I have built. That old dusty Dyna MK 3 is hardly a state of the art SE amp, is it?? Nor was MechEngVIc's own Dynaco ST-70 series II, which he has thoughtfully modified. We can all tell from their comments, both these guys HEARD an improvement, by doing this simple change. I have Vic's email reports, of his first and second modification impressions. He added the two Rs first, and then, later, an under 2 inch wire run of 20 AWG m22759/11, from his new Ra, to the pins of the tube's socket. Both of Vic's email testimonies will follow.. In this thread's first post, I bought two packets of 560K 2 Watt Cornings for Mark Z. Ten resistors, for $4.00, a lovely bargain for 2 Watt Cornings. Mark Z took the time to Ohmiate the ten and came up with two matched pairs. He owns a decent Fluke 110 Digital Multi Meter, so I would assume he got his pairs matched to about 0.1%. Vic spent 50 cents a resistor " extra " , and had Mr. Michael Percy match his two pairs. Percy advertises, matching to 0.1% or better. He has superb equipment to do so. I match my own pairs, one to another, using a Fluke 8060A, a 4 digit , or is it 4.5, digital Multi Meter. The whole topic of unusually close matching is of minor importance in my mind. It has become a simple distraction - to the intent of this thread. What IS of importance, is that audiophiles who are tube rolling up-till-now, ought to be made aware to consider FIRST getting their tube's Ra and the Rk optimized, to have the best overall sonic result and enjoyment. Why? We are always hearing both the tube and it's associated Ra and Rk resistors. I am not picking on any one manufacturer, but as one example, I cant help but think, each and every INSPIRE amp, built to sell " at a price " on eBay, would benefit audibly from this. All resistors are safely below the chassis. People can report their modification listening results up here. Any questions, P.M. me. The intent of this thread has been to inform music lovers, and tube rollers.. This thread's information was very likely unknown previously, to many Forum Members. Now, Members can choose a path, or negate it. " You can bring a horse to water ", comes to mind. Amps are very important, the weakest link in the whole audio chain. Have fun everyone, ....enjoy !! See below, Vic's emails. Jeff Medwin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here is Vic's first email of what he heard, changing the Ra resistors only, no wire augmentation. ( He meant to start a thread, and after Mark Zs comments this week, I initiated this double 2 Watt resistor and wire topic, so others may gain benefit ). Mr. Medwin, I think you're on to something here. I bought the resistors from Mr. Percy (and some solder) and received the package today. I installed the resistors. The first thing I noticed was a fuller upper bass and lower mid-range which is always welcome. I also noticed what sounded like a somewhat rolled-off high end, something I was not expecting nor did I want. But I quickly realized that what I was hearing was not rolled off highs but better separation of the high frequencies. I played a song that usually had a convoluted high end and immediately noticed better imaging of cymbals, voice and guitar. A song that I had grown tired of was once again a pleasure to listen to! Then I thought I'd try some piano. In my experience, and I think for others also, piano is one of the hardest instruments to reproduce well. Even when other instruments sound bright and full, piano can be muddy. I have made some great sound improvements by upgrading capacitors and tubes, but haven't been able to make significant strides into improving my system's piano reproducing abilities. Your resistor modification has made a noticeable improvement in piano playback. That initial roll-off I thought I was hearing at first is actually an improvement in the high end, and is what I think, making the piano really stand out. Even though I thought I was getting roll-off, the piano sounds brighter! I have to keep pausing from typing this because I keep hearing information that just wasn't there before. I would like to hear a more in-depth explanation of what is going on here. I have a basic understanding of how tubes work, but I'd like to know more of when you say you are hearing the tube and the resistor. Overall, I am happy I made the mod and and grateful to you for suggesting it. My only regret is that the resistors didn't fit on top of the circuit board, I had to mount them underneath. I have paid much more for much less improvement. I'm going to start a new thread soon in the technical modifications section where hopefully you'll explain this all to us in a lot more detail. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After adding about five cents worth ( under 2 inches per channel ) of m22759/11 20 ( real and good ) wire to his Dynaco ST-70 Printed Circuit boards, ( augmenting the Printed Circuit board's connection of the new 2 Watt resistors - to the tube socket pins ) - here is Vic's report back to me :

Mills makes a large 2 Watt resistor called an MR-200. and Michael Percy stocks them. They are not inexpensive. I'll post the Mills selection from an old Percy catalog below. Anyway, the Mills MR-200 series, IF you can fit them into any existing amp, are about as good as I have personally heard, used in state-of-the-art 2A3 amplifiers. I've listened at RMAF shows from about 2006 to 2011, to several very special tube amps using MR-200s. Boy, they have a fabulous high end, and they just sound " right " - " special " as a plate resistor. Deang's use of Mills, for Speaker Crossovers, would likely be Mills MRA-5 and MRA-12 types, a very nice sounding wire wound. I like his choice, as a crossover R. . I use MRA-5s, and mostly MRA-12s in power supply circuits in amp builds. But for a Plate Resistor that me ( and /or ) a friend has tested critically : the SILVER AUDIO NOTE 2 Watters, and the Mills MR-200 2 Watters , are at the top of the heap, ............sonically. But the Audio Note Silvers are what ?, about $45.00 each, whereas the MR-200s are shown in Percy's catalog, at around six dollars each. The MR-200s have a large surface area, so the need to use two MR-200s, same value, tightly matched and paralleled to each other does not really apply as much , VS using a single MR-200. On the bargain side, vintage N.L.A. Corning two watters might sonically rate as an "8 out of 10". There is an eBay seller, who has old stock, but not in a wide assortment of values. eBay search term is " 5 pack Corning" . He charges ONLY $2.00 a pack. Five resistors in a pack, only 40 cents each for a 2 Watt Corning. I should explain, when you listen to a tube amp, you not only hear the tube, but you are also hearing its Plate and Cathode resistor ( Ra and Rk ), with an audible effect. Why else would companies make, and people buy, 6 dollar and 45 dollars a piece resistors?? If you are wondering : a good 2 Watter will sound superior, when paralleled and TIGHTLY matched to another, than that single 2 Watter alone !!. A 2 Watter will sound better than similar and smaller 1 and 1/2 Watter, is also a result we consistently hear. Seems like " overkill ", using two 2 Watt quality resistors, on the Cathode of an 12AX7 type input tube, operating at 1.5 VDC and 1 mA. of current ( 0.0015 Watts dissipation ) . However, in any good amp, the Rk resistor implementation is HIGHLY audible, and , along with the tube's Ra, both are key optimization areas. Look below at my 2019 KT88 DC stereo amp build, partially done, and you will see photos of this precise implementation of paralleled 2 Watt resistors for the input tube, Ra and Rk : Jeff Medwin

It makes sense to me Travis, in that the INPUT tube is the most sensitive in the whole amp, and if the audio signal is compromised in any way there, it is never made up, as it goes through the amp's remaining circuitry. The blanket recommendation is done because Manufacturers work within a budget, so their amps are competitively priced, so they can stay in business. I can only think of few exceptions to my statements, that I am aware of. The gist of the Thread was meant to be, " this is low hanging fruit ", try it, but do it right, and pick the correct resistors to install. Jeff

On several occasions up here, I have suggested that instead of tube rolling, one should FIRST upgrade the cheap Ra ( Resistor anode, or plate resistor ) and cheap Rk ( Resistor Kathode, or cathode resistor ) on the FIRST / INPUT tube in your tube amp, that your Manufacturer used as a cost containment basis. It is ALWAYS a cost compromise there, by the Manufacturer, VS what is easily possible to gain in audible performance. There is MORE to gain sonically, with some intelligent type of PROPER RESISTOR SELECTION and IMPLEMENTATION, than any tube rolling will get you, and at 1/4 to 1 /10th the cost. For Ra spots, I prefer the use of two 2 Watt quality resistors, very closely matched to EACH OTHER : 0.1 % to 0.01% is OK enough. Use double the Ohmic value desired, when paralleling two Rs. For Rk spots, one can use either one 2 Watt Rk, or two 2 Watters in Parallel, depends on budget - and how good you want to hear it. So, I have this nice-guy audio friend in New York area, owns Dyna MK 3s, for 20 years now. I bought for him, from eBay, discontinued N.L.A. Corning ( CGW, Corning Glass Works ) 2 Watt resistors, for BOTH of his MK 3s, in all the more critical spots, for only about $15.50 shipped to him. The new Rs were considerably larger : Room is very tight on the Dyna MK 3 stock board, and here is how he ended up adding two CGW 2 Watters in parallel , vertical, for the new Ra. Here is his report, the report that counts the most, his listening report, sent to me late last night, with only the Ra re-done, upgraded : and three hours ago, with Ra AND Rk upgraded : Ohhh, I almost forgot, I sent him about a foot, ( 30 cents worth - surplus priced ) of m22759/11 20 wire, and he augmented the board trace, from the upgraded Ra to PINS 6 and 2, which is the plate of the input tube and its direct couple to the grid of the phase splitter. It was less than 1 1/2 inches of the the stock Dyna's printed circuit board trace - that benefits from this augmentation. It is " the " sensitive span in that amp's circuit. These mods will apply - always with improved listening results, ( and varying in degree ), when applied to all commercially-made tube amps. Mech Engr Vic has begun a similar mod, for his DYNACO ST-70 series II , and he is partially done, ask him what he heard, just doing the Ra and a small amount of circuit trace augmentation, about two inches. Well, you now see what to do !! Have fun, listening to all your favorite L.P.s or other sources Jeff Medwin

OK Coytee, Since you are calling upon me by name, I will reply. My response is meant to be a respectful one, and believe me, I do understand your line of thought. I do not argue one iota, with your computations. Your thought process is only theoretical, highly flawed for several reasons, mainly - it is unlikely to APPLY to anyone today holding KO. What percentage of people holding KO from 1962, are even alive today ? Under 2% would be my guess. You were a broker, or are a broker, what percentage of your clients hold positions for 58 years ?? Effectively, .. I would guess..... no one !! So, my first point is, your theoretical discussions are ONLY theoretical , this is inexpensive talk, something I abhor, vs actually DOING practical things. I find there is a huge difference between theorizing something, and actually getting things accomplished in the stock market, getting results that matter. For an example, your thought process on this KO, is almost as weak as telling newbies to buy PUTS into a down market as it drops, when PUT option costs are ten times inflated. Ugh. A zero-experienced-newbie is buying from experienced Option sellers. That was not a practical idea - at all. ( VS ; in February 2020, my practical - easy to execute - very simple..... 95% Cash, 5% TVIX ). Same applies, IMHO, with your present "holding KO" idea. More productive investment paths exist at the beginning of a probable major Bear Market, in my opinion. What could anyone holding KO actually do, on 3-27-2020. holding such a stock as you have picked out ? This which follows is certainly is not meant as blanket investment advice, but here is how "I" personally would look at KO TODAY, if I were holding it.. Not theory, but an immediate plan of ACTION for me, I really like a lot .........what I would do for myself: Basic Assumptions : 1) KO closed 42.81, down $1.48 a share , or a 3.34% equity loss today. 2) The most overbought Bull Market in History has just occurred,....... most say....... it is over. 3) Bull markets of major proportions, such as the two biggest tops in 1929, and in 2020, do end........... in a Bear Market. The higher the Bull market, the larger the possibility of decline in a Bear market. 4) To this brief date, this has been THE most bearish Bear Market movement down, ever recorded, yet we are seemingly very early into it, have had NO capitulation, to end it. Look at this partial Point AND Figure Chart of Coke , "KO" , from Stockcharts dot com, 6 point reversal.: As we all can see above, KO stock broke-out in April ( 4 ) 2007, to the upside, from $17.50 a share. Its now ( off this chart ) trading at about $42. The ideal uptrend line, the blue line from $12.00 a share, intersects into the future at about $19.00 . I had previously suggested, KO looks like it could easily fall to 19 or 20 dollars in a long drawn-out bear market. Any long drawn-out Bear Market equals sterling opportunities !! Mind you all, I am bullish on the stock market, hopefully only at the right time. So what if I sell all my KO at 41- 42 dollars now, hold cash in a Bear Market, and when blood is on the street, buy TWICE AS MANY Coke "KO" SHARES, as I held before ? I get the $1.62 dividend per share, on a doubled - share ownership position, if..... KO can maintain that pay out. In my personal opinion, we are in a monetary / financial SUPER CYCLE, the biggest in history. Act accordingly, is what I suggest. Trite but true, "the trend is your friend." Investors should do the following : do as you think is right for yourself, and be fully prepared to live with your decision's consequences. I think, in general, people owning stocks should be proactive, not reactive. Make and by all means, execute a proactive financial plan - a plan that is well-thought-out. Do look up, the 1918 " Spanish " flu epidemic in Wikipedia, and please consider carefully the "second wave" which occurred then, VS:..... us now in 2020 - 2021. Any and all of this post, reflects my own thinking, and is not meant to be Investment Advice for other people. Each must do, prudently, what fits their individual needs. Do consider ALL the scenarios, all the possibilities, and proactively invest. Also, I remind you again, be mindful of the trend. Best wishes to all of you. Jeff Medwin

As a kid, Dad would play Belafonte at Carnegie Hall ( RCA -LSO-6006), two stereo LPs on our home's ALTEC 604 and 604B, and I loved the recording, lyrics, and music. Knew every vocal, all the words. I figured, anyone who played Carnegie Hall .....was worth hearing. First LP purchase ( Vanguard - VRS-9010 ) The Weavers at Carnegie Hall. Back of L.P. I dated and notated " August 27,1962 " , - had just made my second sale of Colliers Encyclopedias, ( at age 18, my job over the summer's school vacation, for the princely sum of ) $509.08 . Never remotely dreamed in 1962, I would own 10 or 12,000 more L.P.s. Today, I would highly recommend hearing Svaitoslav Richter, his first American tour, recorded at ... why of course, Carnegie Hall, December 26, 1960. ( RCA LSC-2611. ) Wow - to hear on any good audio system. He is other-worldly at the piano keyboard, his tempos, his timing, his shadings - an absolute genius, mind boggling to listen to !!! Jeff Medwin

Bump, an update. A local audiophile friend, re-built an equivalent "6SL7-DC- 6A3" version of the 1947 Robin and Lipman amplifier, except NOW, using this thread's corrected schematic. Bottom line, he is absolutely "flipping out" at his newly-obtained sonic results ....................on his speakers.. He used my own parts-choice suggestions, resistor and cap brands - and some spare Mil Spec m22759/11 wire that I gave him. He is not dumb, he is a professional Mechanical Engineer in the Kansas City area. And .......he is a really good person. What is " eventually " left to do is for him, is to ditch the 60 Ohm DCR power supply chokes, and go to two chokes at 10 Ohms or less in DCR. Maybe install one additional power supply filtering section, guild the lilly. But for now, he is so very happy, I am leaving well-enough alone. I am happy for him .....also. Voltages he shared with me from his original amp build, and me investigating the long-published build-article in December 2019, was the basis of this thread's corrections to the Robin and Lipman 1947 book. This lock-down period can be a good time to mod amps, while at home . I'm house cleaning. Jeff

SOMETHING TO PONDER !!! I am aware of Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Numbers. I make my DIY audio chassis 1 to 1.62, in dimensions.. I run my 2A3 , 6005, or KT88 output tubes at 0.62% of their maximum rated plate dissipation. I refer you all to a article I just came across, on Fibonacci as applied to the stock market. It seems to infer, that unless something drastic happens tomorrow, we have avoided a two-Friday in a row / closing price of the S and P 500 breakdown. Its very well written, so all can understand. SEE https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/fibonacci-sequence-stock-market-180974487/V A Bull would say, " The Market is saved from destruction, happy times are here again." A Bear would say, " The first leg down ended precisely where it should. No capitulation yet. Now we will have a Bear Market rally. " Truth is, neither a Bull or Bear knows for sure, where it will be six months from now !! You can choose. Isn't that cool?? I hope some of you enjoy reading this article as much as I did. Jeff Medwin

You don't comprehend what we have here. This is unlike ANY market we have ever had, in our entire history. We were 50% ABOVE 1929 in valuations. We are all set-up for the biggest bear market in history. We have the most margin debt ever, and the USA and the World is BANKRUPT. Look, this chart only goes back to 1986. Its pretty obvious, KO, which has been over 60 to 36 in the last two months, can find support at $19 and $9 dollars a share. $19 to 20 would be a decent starting point. I'll see if I can find a long term Point and Figure chart.